Related Projects

Index

ESPA Biofuels

The aim of these UK ESPA-funded projects is to understand the effects of different biofuel projects in southern Africa, on ecosystem services, human wellbeing and poverty alleviation. The main objectives include to:

  • synthesize the existing knowledge about the impact of biofuel expansion on ecosystem services and human wellbeing in Sub-Sahara Africa
  • compare the environmental and socioeconomic impacts of different biofuel production modes (e.g. based on scale of production, ownership and linkages to market) and biofuel uses (e.g. transport, cooking, lighting) for the main feedstocks in the region; jatropha and sugarcane
  • elucidate the mechanisms through which biofuel-driven ecosystem change affects human wellbeing
  • identify operational examples of novel institutional arrangement that ensure enhanced pro-poor benefits and the maximization of poverty alleviation benefits from biofuel projects.

These projects have been funded by the UK Ecosystem Services for Poverty Alleviation programme (ESPA) and involve 3 FICESSA members, Prof Katherine Willis, Dr. Graham von Maltitz and Dr. Alexandros Gasparatos.



For more information see

University of Oxford
http://oxlel.zoo.ox.ac.uk/research/projects/unravelling-biofuel-impacts-on-ecosystem-services-human-wellbeing-and-poverty-alleviation-in-sub-saharan-africa/

ESPA
http://www.espa.ac.uk/projects/eirg-2011-180
http://www.espa.ac.uk/projects/ne-l001373-1

Outputs

Journal papers

Gasparatos, A., von Maltitz, G., Johnson, F.X., Lee, L., Mathai, M., Puppim de Oliveira, J., Willis, K., 2015. Biofuels in Africa: Drivers, impacts and priority policy areas. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 45, 879-901.

von Maltitz, G., Gasparatos, A., Fabricius, C., 2014. The rise, decline and future resilience benefits of jatropha in southern Africa. Sustainability 6, 3615-3643

Gasparatos, A., Lee, L., von Maltitz, G., Mathai, M., Puppim de Oliveira, J., Johnson, F.X., Willis, K., 2013. Catalysing biofuel sustainability: International and national policy interventions. Environmental Policy and Law, 43, 216-221.


Book chapters

Gasparatos, A., Doll, C., 2015. Uncovering hidden trade-offs in the Green Economy: Biodiversity and the manufacturing, transport and renewable energy sectors in Gasparatos, A., Willis, K. (Eds), Biodiversity in the Green Economy. Routledge, London


Reports

Gasparatos, A., Lee, L.Y., von Maltitz, G., Mathai, M.V., Puppim de Oliveira, Willis, K.J., 2012. Biofuels in Africa: Impacts on ecosystem services, biodiversity and human wellbeing. UNU-IAS Policy Report, Yokohama. Available at

http://www.ias.unu.edu/sub_page.aspx?catID=111&ddlID=169 Index

Enhancing Resilience to Climate and Ecosystem Changes in Semi-arid Africa: An Integrated Approach (CECAR-Africa)

CECAR Africa a five year (2011-2016) interdisciplinary research project composed of researchers and scientists from leading research and academic institutions in Japan and Ghana. The project is collaboratively funded by the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) and Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) under the Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS). CECAR Africa aims for three objectives by focusing on the semi-arid region of northern Ghana where the change impacts have been severely felt in forms of unpredictable floods and droughts:

(1)Forecast and assessment of climate and ecosystem change impact on agricultural production;
(2)Risk assessment of extreme weather events and introduction of adaptive water resource
  management methods; and
(3)Planning and implementation of capacity development programs enabling local
  residents and professionals to utilize the assessment results derived from (1) and (2).

The goal of the CECAR Africa project is to propose effective and implementable measures to build an integrated resilience enhancement strategy. This “Ghana model” can potentially be applied across the African Savannah. The findings of this project are expected to contribute to the framework of adaption measures agreed upon at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 16th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP16) and REDD+, the Fifth Assessment Report of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and the Aichi Biodiversity Targets adopted at the Convention on Biological Diversity tenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP 10).

Three CECAR Africa projects members, Prof. Kazuhiko Takeuchi, Dr. Osamu Saito and Mr. Yaw Agyeman Boafo are FICESSA members. For further information, see:

[http://ias.unu.edu/en/research/enhancing-resilience-to-climate-and-ecosystem-changes-in-semi-arid-africa-cecar-africa.html#outline]





Outputs

Journal Articles
Project background paper
Antwi, K; Otsuki, K; Saito, O; Obeng, F et al. 2014. Developing a Community-Based Resilience Assessment Model with Reference to Northern Ghana, Journal of Integrated Disaster Risk Management, Vol. 4 (1): 73-92. Available at
http://idrimjournal.com/index.php/idrim/article/view/101

Research outcomes from different thematic areas of the CECAR Africa project were published in the special issue of the Journal of Disaster Research in 1 August 2014. The special issue featured 13 articles applying various techniques and methods such as field surveys, questionnaires, focal group discussions, land use and cover change analysis, and climate downscaled modelling to investigate the impacts of climate and ecosystem changes on river flows and agriculture, and to assess local capacity for coping with floods, droughts and disasters, and for enhancing the resilience of farming communities. The articles are available and downloadable from:
http://www.fujipress.jp/JDR/DSSTR00090004.html
International Conference on Climate and Ecosystem Change
The ‘International Conference on Enhancing Resilience to Climate and Ecosystem Changes in Semi-arid Africa’ was organized at the University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana on 6-7 August 2014. This conference was attended by over 140 participants including researchers, policy and decision makers and development practitioners from over 12 countries across Europe and Africa. Further information is available at http://supportoffice.jp/c_africa_conf2014/
Index

Biofuel growth opportunities in southern Africa

The overall aim of this project component under UNU-WIDER’s project on Regional Growth and Development in Southern Africa, is to assess if expanding the biofuels market through regional market integration outperforms a scenario where each country in the region sets up its own markets, considering the following targets:
  • Promote macro-economic growth;
  • Improve national balance of payments account by displacing fuel imports;
  • Decarbonise energy use, especially for fuel transport, in line with domestic or international goals;
  • Promote rural jobs, incomes and food security.
In doing so, the project will analyse how benefits and costs are distributed between countries and different groups that may benefit or lose from a growing biofuel market, including among others small and large biofuel producers, consumers and industry actors.

This project has been funded by UNU-WIDER and involves 2 FICESSA members Channing Arndt and Nadia Ouedraogo, in collaboration with
  • The Centre for Agricultural Policy Research (CEPAGG/UEM, Mozambique)
  • The Indaba Agricultural Policy Research Institute (IAPRI, Zambia)
  • Energy Research Centre (ERC/UCT, South Africa)
  • Overseas Development Institute (ODI, United Kingdom)
For more information see:
http://www.wider.unu.edu/research/TIS-programme/transformation/en_GB/regional-growth-development-southern-africa/



Outputs

Arndt, C., Davies, R., Gabriel, S., Makrelov, K., Merven, B., Salie, F., Thurlow, J., 2014. An integrated approach to modelling energy policy in South Africa: Evaluating carbon taxes and electricity import restrictions. UNU-WIDER Working paper, WP/2014/135, UNU-WIDER, Helsinki.

Gebretsadik, Y., Fant, C., Strzepek, K., 2014. Optimized reservoir operation model of regional wind and hydro power integration: Case study: Zambezi Basin and South Africa. UNU-WIDER Working paper, WP/2015/045, UNU-WIDER, Helsinki.

Cullis, J., Alton, T., Arndt, C., Cartwright, A., Chang, A., Gabriel, S., Gebretsadik, Y., Hartley, F., de Jager, G., Makrelov, K., Robertson, G. Schlosser, C.A., Strzepek, K., Thurlow, J., 2015. An uncertainty approach to modelling climate change risk in South Africa. UNU-WIDER Working paper, WP/2015/045, UNU-WIDER, Helsinki.
Index

ODI project on Biofuels and Local Food Security

Much of the analysis published to date and discussed in public fora focuses on the impact of biofuel policies in developed countries on global food prices, or is based on studies that model the impacts of biofuels production on food security but do not triangulate these modelling outputs with findings on the ground.

This project addressed this gap by reviewing case studies that discuss impacts on local food security. It looked at two main models of biofuel feedstock production:
  • small-scale outgrowers linked to nucleus estates producing the same feedstock or supplying commercial processing plants that do not produce their own feedstock
  • large-scale commercial plantations, which use extensive areas of land, usually under a single crop, centrally manage decisions on land use and may or may not process their own output
This project was funded by the UK Department for International Development (DFID) and involves one FICESSA member, Giles Henley.

For more information see: http://www.odi.org/publications/7801-review-literature-biofuels-food-security-at-local-level



Outputs



Report

Locke, A., Henley, G., 2014. Biofuels and local food security: what does the evidence say? Overseas Development Institute (ODI), London. Available at http://www.odi.org/publications/7801-review-literature-biofuels-food-security-at-local-level